澜沧江流域北部中华蜜蜂有毒蜂蜜孢粉学和营养生态位分析

为分析澜沧江流域北部人食用蜂蜜中毒的原因,于2013年6—9月份,对该区域蜜蜂和蜜源植物的分布情况进行了调查,观察蜜蜂采集有毒蜜源植物的行为,并进一步调查了蜜蜂巢内蜂蜜、蜂花粉的储存情况,采集了中华蜜蜂蜂蜜样品,进行蜂蜜孢粉学与营养生态位分析。该区域有大量采用传统方式进行人工饲养的中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana),及少量野生中华蜜蜂、黑色小蜜蜂(Apis audreniformis)、黑色大蜜蜂(Apis laboriosa smith)群体分布;人工饲养的中华蜜蜂蜂巢内部结构与野生中华蜜蜂蜂巢相似,为自然蜂巢,内有充足的蜜粉储存,部分蜂群蜂巢内虫害严重。该区域内主要蜜源植物为荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench),其他零星辅助蜜源较多,部分地点南烛(Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb)、昆明山海棠(Tripterygium hypoglaucum(Levl.)Hutch)连片集中分布。对中华蜜蜂蜂蜜进行孢粉学和营养生态位分析,结果表明:中华蜜蜂蜂蜜标本中含有有毒蜜源植物南烛、昆明山海棠花粉,部分样品中南烛、昆明山海棠的花粉含所占比例较高;中华蜜蜂的营养生态位宽度为0.22,比其他地区中华蜜蜂生态位指数小,推测澜沧江水电枢纽的修建等人为原因已对蜜蜂种类、蜜源植物的物种组成、群落结构造成了较大影响。     

PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA GEN. ET SP. NOV. (PFIESTERIACEAE FAM. NOV.), A NEW TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE WITH A COMPLEX LIFE CYCLE AND BEHAVIOR1

The newly described toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida is a polymorphic and multiphasic species with flagellated, amoeboid, and cyst stages. The species is structurally a heterotroph; however, the flagellated stages can have cleptochloroplasts in large food vacuoles and can temporarily function as mixotrophs. The flagellated stage has a typical mesokaryotic nucleus, and the theca is composed of four membranes, two of which are vesicular and contain thin plates arranged in a Kofoidian series of Po, cp, X, 4′, 1a, 5″, 6c, 4s, 5″′, and 2″″. The plate tabulation is unlike that of any other armored dinoflagellate. Nodules often demark the suture lines underneath the outer membrane, but fixation protocols can influence the detection of plates. Amoeboid benthic stages can be filose to lobose, are thecate, and have a reticulate or spiculate appearance. Amoeboid stages have a eukaryotic nuclear profile and are phagocytic. Cyst stages include a small spherical stage with a honeycomb, reticulate surface and possibly another stage that is elongate and oval to spherical with chrysophyte-like scales that can have long bracts. The species is placed in a new family, Pfiesteriaceae, and the order Dinamoebales is emended.     

一株拮抗赤霉病的小麦内生细菌的筛选和抑菌活性

对安徽省淮北市小麦植株根、茎、叶中内生细菌的数量进行了调查和筛选,并测定了其抑菌活性.小麦根、茎和叶中的内生细菌的数量分别为7.01×105、4.26×105和0.94×105CFU·g-1鲜重.从健康小麦植株体内分离到131株内生细菌,通过对峙实验,筛选到6株对禾谷镰刀菌有拮抗作用的菌株,占所分离内生细菌总数的4.58%.来自根系组织中的菌株HB022的抑菌效果最佳,抑菌半径为17.0mm.根据形态特征、生理生化特性和16SrDNA序列分析,将菌株HB022初步鉴定为多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa).抑菌试验结果表明,100倍稀释的菌株HB022无菌发酵滤液对禾谷镰刀菌菌丝生长具有明显抑制作用,5倍稀释的无菌发酵滤液可完全抑制禾谷镰刀菌分生孢子萌发.可见,内生细菌HB022具有潜在生防应用前景.     

运用分子生物学技术监测水环境中产毒蓝藻

有毒蓝藻在形成水华破坏水体环境的同时,也对人畜产生危害。运用分子生物学技术对水环境中产毒蓝藻进行监测,由于其简单、快速和经济等优点,逐渐成为各国学者关注的热点。本文从以下3个方面对其进行了综述:1)早期分子生物学技术在产毒蓝藻诊断中的运用;2)以产毒基因为靶标进行的产毒蓝藻诊断;3)运用基因芯片技术对产毒蓝藻进行检测。与传统的分子生物学技术相比,生物芯片技术具有体积小、重量轻、便于携带、分析自动快速、高通量等许多传统方法所不能比拟的优势。因此,该技术在蓝藻毒素检测中的运用必将给目前的产毒蓝藻的检测带来一场新的革命。     

AN “ENVIRO‐INFORMATIC” ASSESSMENT OF SAGINAW BAY (LAKE HURON,USA) PHYTOPLANKTON: DATA‐DRIVEN CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING OF MICROCYSTIS (CYANOPHYTA)1

Phytoplankton and Microcystis aeruginosa (Kütz.) Kütz. biovolumes were characterized and modeled, respectively, with regard to hydrological and meteorological variables during zebra mussel invasion in Saginaw Bay (1990–1996). Total phytoplankton and Microcystis biomass within the inner bay were one and one‐half and six times greater, respectively, than those of the outer bay. Following mussel invasion, mean total biomass in the inner bay decreased 84% but then returned to its approximate initial value. Microcystis was not present in the bay during 1990 and 1991 and thereafter occurred at/in 52% of sample sites/dates with the greatest biomass occurring in 1994–1996 and within months having water temperatures >19°C. With an overall relative biomass of 0.03 ± 0.01 (mean + SE), Microcystis had, at best, a marginal impact upon holistic compositional dynamics. Dynamics of the centric diatom Cyclotella ocellata Pant. and large pennate diatoms dominated compositional dissimilarities both inter‐ and intra‐annually. The environmental variables that corresponded with phytoplankton distributions were similar for the inner and outer bays, and together identified physical forcing and biotic utilization of nutrients as determinants of system‐level biomass patterns. Nonparametric models explained 70%–85% of the variability in Microcystis biovolumes and identified maximal biomass to occur at total phosphorus (TP) concentrations ranging from 40 to 45 μg · L^?1. From isometric projections depicting modeled Microcystis/environmental interactions, a TP concentration of <30 μg · L^?1 was identified as a desirable contemporary “target” for management efforts to ameliorate bloom potentials throughout mussel‐impacted bay waters.     

广聚萤叶甲和豚草卷蛾对广西来宾豚草的联合控制作用

【背景】豚草已成功入侵广西来宾,对当地生物多样性、农业生产和居民健康造成了严重影响。广聚萤叶甲和豚草卷蛾均为豚草的重要专一性天敌,在湖南等地已有效抑制了豚草的扩散蔓延。【方法】为考查2种天敌在广西对豚草的联合控制作用,于2009年5月24日在广西来宾豚草入侵地区同时释放广聚萤叶甲和豚草卷蛾(2种天敌释放密度均为1170头.hm-2)。【结果】至2009年8月29日释放区内豚草植株死亡率达98%以上,且天敌迅速向邻近豚草发生区扩散,2种天敌对扩散区豚草的控制率可达50%～60%。【结论与意义】2种天敌对豚草具有显著的控制效果,建议在广西大面积推广应用。     

共表达H5N1流感病毒M1和HA基因的DNA疫苗与腺病毒载体疫苗的小鼠免疫评价

为评价在小鼠体内表达流感病毒M1和HA基因诱导的免疫反应,制备共表达H5N1亚型禽流感病毒 (A/Anhui/1/2005) 全长基质蛋白1 (M1) 基因和血凝素 (HA) 基因的重组DNA疫苗pStar-M1/HA和重组腺病毒载体疫苗Ad-M1/HA,将其按初免-加强程序免疫BALB/c小鼠,共免疫4次,每次间隔14 d。第1、3次用DNA疫苗,第2、4次用重组腺病毒载体疫苗,每次免疫前及末次免疫后14 d采集小鼠血清用于检测体液免疫应答,末次免疫后14 d采集小鼠脾淋巴细胞用于检测细胞免疫应答。血凝     

Clinical significance of circulating microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the biggest threats to human life. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be linked to the pathogenesis of CAD, indicating the possible role in CAD diagnosis. The present study aimed to explore the expression profile of plasma miRNAs and estimate their value in diagnosis for CAD. 67 Non‐CAD control subjects and 88 CAD patients were enrolled. We conducted careful evaluation by RT‐PCR analysis, Spearman rank correlation coefficients analysis, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves analysis and so on. The plasma levels of six miRNAs known to be related to CAD were measured and three of them showed obvious expression change. Circulating miR‐29a‐3p, miR‐574‐3p and miR‐574‐5p were all significantly increased. ROC analysis revealed the probability of the three miRNAs as biomarkers with AUCs (areas under the ROC curve) of 0.830, 0.792 and 0.789, respectively. They were significantly correlated with each other in CAD patients, suggesting the possibility of joint diagnosis. The combined AUC was 0.915, much higher than each single miRNA. Therefore, our study revealed three promising biomarkers for early diagnosis of CAD. The combination of these miRNAs may act more effectively than individual ones for CAD diagnosis.     

不同切口超声乳化术联合小梁切除术对白内障合并青光眼患者视力、角膜内皮细胞及生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨不同切口超声乳化术联合小梁切除术对白内障合并青光眼患者视力、角膜内皮细胞及生活质量的影响。方法：回顾性分析2018年4月~2019年7月期间我院收治的150例白内障合并青光眼患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同分为A组（n=75,单切口超声乳化术联合小梁切除术）和B组（n=75,双切口超声乳化术联合小梁切除术）。比较两组患者眼压、裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、角膜内皮细胞、生活质量及并发症。结果：两组术后3个月健康调查简表(SF-36)各维度评分均升高,且B组高于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后3个月眼压均降低,且B组低于A组（P<0.05）;两组术后3个月裸眼视力和最佳矫正视力均升高,且B组高于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后3个月角膜内皮细胞面积均增加,但B组小于A组（P<0.05）;角膜内皮细胞密度均下降,但B组高于A组（P<0.05）。B组术后并发症总发生率低于A组（P<0.05）。结论：与单切口超声乳化术联合小梁切除术相比,白内障合并青光眼患者采用双切口超声乳化术联合小梁切除术治疗,在改善患者眼压、裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、角膜内皮细胞、生活质量及减少并发症发生率方面的效果更佳。